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The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is a regional intergovernmental partnership of 10 Nile Basin countries, namely Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, The Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. It was established on 22 February 1999, by Ministers in charge of Water Affairs in the Nile Basin countries to work towards a Shared Vision Objective: To achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilization of, and benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources”. The shared belief is that countries can achieve better outcomes for all the peoples of the Basin through cooperation rather than competition.  At the heart of this challenge is the imperative to eradicate poverty.

NBI provides the Member States with the only basin wide and impartial platform to discuss with trust and confidence how to jointly take care of and utilize the shared Nile Basin water resources for win-win socio-economic benefits and to promote regional peace and security.

The Nile Council of Ministers (Nile-COM) of Water Affairs in the NBI Member States is the highest decision-making body and provides policy guidance to the NBI. The Nile Technical Advisory Committee (Nile-TAC), comprising technical representatives from the partner states, offers technical support and advice to the Nile-COM on matters related to the management and development of the common Nile Basin water resources.

Professional day to day management of the NBI is by three centers namely a regional Secretariat, the Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat (Nile-SEC) located in Entebbe, Uganda; the Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office (ENTRO) based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and the Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program Coordination Unit (NELSAP-CU) based in Kigali, Rwanda. In each country, the National NBI Office headed by the respective Nile-TAC member serves as the focal point for all NBI-related activities.